Transistor Scaling
Transistor scaling refers to the process of making transistors smaller while increasing their performance and efficiency. This technique allows more transistors to fit on a single chip, which enhances the processing power of devices like computers and smartphones. As transistors shrink, they consume less power and generate less heat, leading to improved energy efficiency.
The trend of transistor scaling has been guided by Moore's Law, which predicts that the number of transistors on a chip doubles approximately every two years. However, as transistors approach atomic sizes, challenges arise, such as increased leakage current and manufacturing complexities, prompting researchers to explore new materials and designs.