Transduction is the process by which one form of energy is converted into another. In biological systems, it often refers to how cells convert external signals, such as light or sound, into electrical signals. This is crucial for sensory perception, allowing organisms to respond to their environment. In the context of neuroscience, transduction occurs in sensory receptors. For example, in the eye, photoreceptors convert light into electrical impulses that the brain interprets as visual images. Similarly, in the ear, hair cells transduce sound waves into electrical signals, enabling hearing.