Toenails are the hard protective coverings found at the tips of the toes. They are made of a protein called keratin, which is the same material that makes up hair and fingernails. Toenails help protect the sensitive tips of the toes from injury and can also assist with balance and walking. Healthy toenails are usually smooth, without any discoloration or spots. They grow at a rate of about 1 millimeter per month. Regular care, such as trimming and cleaning, is important to prevent issues like fungal infections or ingrown toenails, which can cause discomfort and pain.