The Tlatelolco massacre occurred on October 2, 1968, in Mexico City, just days before the Olympic Games. Thousands of students and civilians gathered in the Plaza de las Tres Culturas to protest against the government, demanding political and social reforms. The Mexican military and police responded with violence, opening fire on the crowd. Estimates of the death toll vary widely, with some reports suggesting hundreds were killed or injured. The event marked a significant moment in Mexican history, highlighting government repression and leading to increased public awareness of human rights issues in the country.