A thought experiment is a mental exercise that explores hypothetical scenarios to understand concepts or principles better. It allows individuals to consider situations that may not be physically possible or practical, helping to clarify ideas and test theories. Philosophers and scientists often use thought experiments to challenge assumptions and provoke critical thinking. One famous example of a thought experiment is Schrödinger's Cat, which illustrates the concept of superposition in quantum mechanics. In this scenario, a cat is placed in a sealed box with a radioactive atom, leading to a situation where the cat is simultaneously alive and dead until observed. This highlights the complexities of quantum theory and measurement.