A thin-film solar cell is a type of solar panel made by depositing one or more thin layers of photovoltaic material onto a substrate. These materials can include cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium selenide, or amorphous silicon. Thin-film solar cells are lightweight and flexible, making them suitable for a variety of applications, including building-integrated photovoltaics. Compared to traditional silicon solar cells, thin-film solar cells generally have a lower efficiency but can be produced at a lower cost. They perform better in low-light conditions and can be manufactured in large areas, which makes them an attractive option for large-scale solar energy projects.