Thermoelectrics is a field of study that focuses on materials capable of converting temperature differences directly into electrical energy. This process is based on the Seebeck effect, where a voltage is generated when there is a temperature gradient across a conductor or semiconductor. Thermoelectric materials can be used in various applications, including power generation and cooling systems. These materials are characterized by their thermoelectric efficiency, which is often measured by a dimensionless figure of merit known as ZT. Higher ZT values indicate better performance. Researchers are continually exploring new materials and methods to improve thermoelectric efficiency for sustainable energy solutions.