Thermal techniques refer to methods that utilize heat to analyze materials and their properties. These techniques can include processes like thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), where the weight of a sample is measured as it is heated, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which assesses how a material's heat capacity changes with temperature. Such methods are essential in fields like materials science and chemistry for understanding thermal stability and phase transitions. These techniques are widely used in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, polymers, and food science. By providing insights into how materials respond to temperature changes, thermal techniques help in quality control, product development, and research. They are crucial for ensuring that materials perform reliably under different thermal conditions.