A Thermal Protection System (TPS) is a critical component used in spacecraft and high-speed vehicles to shield them from extreme temperatures during re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere or when traveling at high speeds. The TPS is designed to absorb, reflect, or dissipate heat generated by friction and atmospheric pressure, ensuring that sensitive equipment and materials inside the vehicle remain safe and functional. Materials used in a TPS can include heat-resistant ceramics, ablative materials, and insulation layers. For example, the Space Shuttle utilized a TPS made of tiles and blankets that could withstand temperatures exceeding 1,500 degrees Celsius. Proper design and testing of the TPS are essential for the success and safety of missions involving NASA and other space agencies.