Theravāda is one of the oldest branches of Buddhism, tracing its origins back to the teachings of the Buddha in the 5th century BCE. It emphasizes the original scriptures, known as the Pāli Canon, and focuses on individual enlightenment through meditation and ethical living. Practiced mainly in countries like Sri Lanka, Thailand, and Myanmar, Theravāda encourages followers to become arahants, or enlightened beings. The tradition values monastic life, with monks playing a crucial role in preserving teachings and guiding laypeople in their spiritual journeys.