Theatre in the 19th century saw significant changes, marked by the rise of realism and the decline of romanticism. Playwrights like Henrik Ibsen and Anton Chekhov focused on everyday life and social issues, moving away from the grand themes of earlier works. This period also witnessed the emergence of new theatrical forms, including melodrama, which emphasized emotional appeal and sensationalism. The century was characterized by the expansion of theatre buildings and the establishment of professional acting companies. Innovations in stage design and lighting improved the audience experience, while the popularity of vaudeville and burlesque provided diverse entertainment options. Overall, 19th-century theatre laid the groundwork for modern dramatic arts.