Louis Pasteur was a French scientist born in 1822, known for his groundbreaking work in microbiology. He discovered that microorganisms cause fermentation and disease, leading to the development of the germ theory of disease. Pasteur's research helped improve public health and food safety, particularly through his invention of the process known as pasteurization, which kills harmful bacteria in food and drinks. In addition to his work on germs, Pasteur created vaccines for several diseases, including rabies and anthrax. His contributions laid the foundation for modern medicine and vaccination practices, making him a pivotal figure in the field of science and public health.