Anthrax is a serious infectious disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It primarily affects livestock, such as cattle and sheep, but can also infect humans. The bacteria can form spores that survive in the environment for long periods, making it possible for animals and humans to become infected through contact with contaminated materials, such as soil or animal products. There are three main forms of anthrax: cutaneous, inhalation, and gastrointestinal. Cutaneous anthrax occurs when spores enter through the skin, while inhalation anthrax results from breathing in spores. Gastrointestinal anthrax is caused by consuming contaminated food. Prompt treatment with antibiotics is essential to prevent severe illness or death.