"The Scottsboro Boys" refers to a landmark legal case in the 1930s involving nine African American teenagers accused of raping two white women on a train in Alabama. The case highlighted racial injustice and the legal system's failures, as the boys were quickly convicted despite a lack of evidence. The trials drew national attention and sparked protests, leading to multiple retrials and appeals. The case ultimately reached the U.S. Supreme Court, which ruled that the defendants were denied their right to an adequate legal defense. This case became a pivotal moment in the civil rights movement, illustrating systemic racism in America.