The Rosenberg Trial refers to the 1951 trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, an American couple accused of espionage for allegedly passing atomic secrets to the Soviet Union during the Cold War. The trial took place in New York City and was marked by intense media coverage and public debate over the couple's guilt and the fairness of the proceedings. The Rosenbergs were convicted and sentenced to death, despite claims of insufficient evidence and concerns about the fairness of their trial. They were executed in 1953, making them the first American civilians to be sentenced to death for espionage in the United States. The case remains controversial and is often discussed in the context of McCarthyism and the broader fears of communism during that era.