"The Prince and the Pauper" is a novel by Mark Twain that tells the story of two boys in 16th century England who look identical but come from very different backgrounds. Tom Canty is a poor boy who dreams of a better life, while Prince Edward is the son of the king. One day, they meet and decide to switch places, leading to a series of adventures and challenges. As they experience each other's lives, both boys learn valuable lessons about wealth, privilege, and empathy. The story highlights the stark contrasts between the lives of the rich and the poor, ultimately emphasizing the importance of understanding and compassion.