The Inquisition was a series of institutions within the Catholic Church aimed at combating heresy and maintaining religious orthodoxy. It began in the 12th century and became more formalized in the 13th century, particularly under the Spanish Inquisition and the Roman Inquisition. The Inquisition sought to identify, investigate, and punish individuals accused of holding beliefs contrary to the teachings of the Church. During the Inquisition, various methods were employed, including interrogations and trials. Those found guilty could face severe penalties, including imprisonment or execution. The Inquisition played a significant role in shaping religious and cultural dynamics in Europe and the Americas during its operation.