The Communist Manifesto, written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in 1848, is a foundational text for the communist movement. It outlines the struggles between the bourgeoisie (capitalist class) and the proletariat (working class), advocating for the overthrow of capitalist societies to establish a classless society. The manifesto argues that history is driven by class struggles and calls for workers of the world to unite. It emphasizes the need for collective action to achieve social and economic equality, making it a significant influence on various political movements and ideologies throughout history.