"The Age of Gold" refers to a period in American history during the mid-19th century, particularly the California Gold Rush, which began in 1848. This era was marked by a massive influx of people seeking fortune, leading to rapid population growth and economic development in the western United States. The discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill sparked a migration of hundreds of thousands, known as Forty-Niners, who traveled to California in hopes of striking it rich. The Gold Rush had significant social and cultural impacts, including the establishment of new towns and the expansion of infrastructure. It also led to conflicts over land and resources, particularly with Native American populations. The Age of Gold ultimately transformed California into a state and played a crucial role in shaping the American economy and society during the 19th century.