The Thamud were an ancient Arab tribe known for their remarkable rock-cut architecture and advanced civilization. They inhabited the northwestern region of the Arabian Peninsula, particularly in areas like Al-Ula and Madain Saleh. The Thamud are often associated with their impressive tombs and structures carved into sandstone cliffs, showcasing their architectural skills. Historically, the Thamud are mentioned in various religious texts, including the Quran, where they are described as a people who rejected the prophet Salih. Their civilization eventually declined, and archaeological evidence suggests that they faced challenges such as water scarcity and environmental changes, leading to their disappearance.