Texture mapping is a technique used in computer graphics to apply a 2D image, known as a texture, onto a 3D model's surface. This process enhances the visual detail of the model without increasing its geometric complexity. By wrapping the texture around the model, artists can simulate various materials, such as wood, metal, or fabric, making the scene more realistic. The texture is typically defined by coordinates that map points on the 3D surface to corresponding points on the 2D image. This mapping allows for precise control over how the texture appears, ensuring that it aligns correctly with the model's features. Techniques like UV mapping are often employed to achieve this alignment effectively.