Text rendering is the process of converting text data into a visual format that can be displayed on screens or printed. This involves interpreting the characters, fonts, and styles specified in the text, ensuring that they appear correctly and legibly. The rendering process takes into account factors like size, spacing, and alignment to create a visually appealing output. In digital environments, text rendering can be influenced by various technologies, such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for web pages, or PDF for documents. Different rendering engines, like FreeType or DirectWrite, are used to optimize how text appears across different devices and resolutions, ensuring consistency and clarity.