Text direction refers to the orientation in which text is displayed on a page. The most common text direction is left-to-right, used in languages like English and Spanish. In contrast, some languages, such as Arabic and Hebrew, are read from right to left. In addition to these standard directions, vertical text direction is also used in certain contexts, particularly in East Asian languages like Chinese and Japanese. This vertical orientation can be seen in traditional calligraphy and some printed materials, where text flows from top to bottom and columns are read from right to left.