The Texas State Senate is the upper chamber of the Texas Legislature, which is responsible for making state laws. It consists of 31 members, each representing a specific district in Texas. Senators serve four-year terms and can be re-elected. The Senate plays a crucial role in reviewing and approving legislation, as well as confirming appointments made by the Governor of Texas. The Senate operates under a set of rules and procedures that guide its activities. It holds regular sessions, typically beginning in January of odd-numbered years, and can also convene for special sessions as needed. The Lieutenant Governor of Texas serves as the presiding officer, overseeing debates and maintaining order.