The Teutonic Order is a medieval Catholic religious order founded in 1190 during the Third Crusade. Originally established to provide care for sick and injured pilgrims in the Holy Land, it evolved into a military order that played a significant role in the Christianization and colonization of Eastern Europe. The order became prominent in the Baltic region, particularly in Prussia, where it established a powerful state. The Teutonic Knights were known for their distinctive black cross on a white background and were involved in various conflicts, including the Northern Crusades, until their decline in the 16th century.