The Territory of New Guinea was a region in the southwestern Pacific, primarily comprising the western half of the island of New Guinea. It was administered by Australia from 1949 until 1975, when it became the independent nation of Papua New Guinea. The territory was known for its diverse cultures, languages, and rich natural resources. Geographically, New Guinea is the second-largest island in the world, featuring rugged mountains, dense rainforests, and extensive coastlines. The island is home to a variety of ecosystems and wildlife, making it a significant area for biodiversity. The indigenous peoples of New Guinea have a rich history and cultural heritage.