A terrestrial ecosystem is a community of living organisms and their physical environment on land. It includes various habitats such as forests, grasslands, deserts, and tundras. These ecosystems are characterized by their climate, soil types, and the types of plants and animals that inhabit them. For example, a forest ecosystem may have tall trees, diverse wildlife, and rich soil, while a desert ecosystem is typically dry with sparse vegetation and specialized animals. In terrestrial ecosystems, energy flows through food chains and food webs, starting from producers like plants that convert sunlight into energy. Herbivores consume these plants, and carnivores eat the herbivores, creating a balance within the ecosystem. The interactions among these organisms, along with factors like climate