The "Ten Plagues of Egypt" were a series of disasters that, according to the biblical book of Exodus, struck Egypt to persuade Pharaoh to free the Israelites from slavery. The plagues included turning the Nile River into blood, swarms of frogs, lice, flies, livestock disease, boils, hail, locusts, darkness, and the death of the firstborn. Each plague intensified in severity, demonstrating the power of the God of the Israelites. The final plague led to the Exodus, where the Israelites left Egypt, marking a significant event in Jewish history and celebrated during the festival of Passover.