The "Ten Courts of Hell" is a concept in Chinese mythology that describes a series of ten judgment halls where souls are taken after death. Each court is presided over by a different Yama, or judge, who evaluates the deeds of the deceased during their lifetime. Based on their actions, souls are either punished or rewarded, determining their next reincarnation or eternal fate. Each court has its own specific punishments for various sins, reflecting the moral values of Buddhism and Taoism. The process aims to encourage ethical behavior in life, as individuals are held accountable for their actions in the afterlife.