There are three main types of telescopes: refracting, reflecting, and catadioptric. Refracting telescopes use lenses to bend light and focus it, while reflecting telescopes use mirrors to gather and reflect light. Each type has its advantages, such as the clarity of refractors and the larger sizes of reflectors. Catadioptric telescopes combine both lenses and mirrors, offering a compact design and improved image quality. These telescopes are versatile and popular among amateur astronomers. Choosing the right type depends on factors like budget, intended use, and personal preference.