"Taxation Without Representation" refers to the situation where a government imposes taxes on its citizens without their consent or input through elected representatives. This concept became a significant grievance for the American colonists in the 18th century, as they were taxed by the British Parliament, where they had no representatives. The phrase is often associated with the American Revolution, as it fueled the desire for independence from British rule. The colonists believed that they should have a say in the laws and taxes that affected them, leading to the rallying cry for self-governance and ultimately the creation of the United States.