TPS, or Toyota Production System, is a manufacturing methodology developed by Toyota to improve efficiency and reduce waste. It emphasizes continuous improvement, known as Kaizen, and the importance of just-in-time production, which means producing only what is needed when it is needed. The system focuses on two main pillars: jidoka, or automation with a human touch, which ensures quality control, and just-in-time, which streamlines production processes. By implementing TPS, companies can enhance productivity, reduce costs, and improve overall product quality, making it a widely studied model in various industries.