The Syrian Arab Army (SAA) is the land force of the Syrian Armed Forces, established in 1946. It is primarily responsible for defending the sovereignty of the Syrian Arab Republic and maintaining internal security. The SAA has played a significant role in various conflicts, including the ongoing Syrian Civil War, which began in 2011. The army is composed of various units, including infantry, armored, and artillery divisions. It has received support from allies such as Russia and Iran during the civil war. The SAA has faced challenges, including defections and the rise of opposition groups, impacting its operational effectiveness.