Swiss cantons are the individual states that make up the Swiss Confederation. There are 26 cantons in total, each with its own constitution, government, and laws. They vary in size, population, and culture, reflecting the diverse nature of Switzerland. Each canton has a degree of autonomy, allowing it to manage local affairs such as education, healthcare, and transportation. The cantons also play a significant role in the federal government, as they participate in decision-making processes and contribute to national policies. This system promotes regional identity and local governance within the Swiss political framework.