The Svalbard Treaty is an international agreement signed in 1920 that recognizes the sovereignty of Norway over the archipelago of Svalbard. It allows citizens of signatory countries to access and exploit the natural resources of the islands, ensuring equal rights for all parties involved. The treaty was established to promote peaceful cooperation and development in the region. Under the treaty, Svalbard is designated as a demilitarized zone, meaning no military installations or activities are permitted. This unique status has contributed to the area's peaceful environment and has made it a hub for scientific research and international collaboration, particularly in fields like climate change and Arctic studies.