Surname etymology is the study of the origins and meanings of family names. Surnames often reflect geographical locations, occupations, personal characteristics, or ancestral lineage. For example, the surname Smith originates from the occupation of a metal worker, while Johnson indicates "son of John," highlighting familial connections. Understanding surname etymology can provide insights into cultural history and migration patterns. Many surnames have evolved over time, influenced by language changes and regional dialects. This field of study helps trace family histories and can reveal connections to historical events or notable figures, enriching our understanding of identity and heritage.