A surname, also known as a family name, is a part of a person's name that indicates their family lineage. It is typically passed down from one generation to the next and helps identify individuals within a larger community. For example, in the name John Smith, "Smith" is the surname, which may reveal information about the family's history or occupation. Surnames can vary widely across cultures and regions. In some cultures, such as in Spain, it is common to have two surnames, one from each parent. This practice reflects the importance of both maternal and paternal lineages, showcasing the diverse ways families are recognized around the world.