Surface colonization refers to the process of establishing human settlements on the surface of another celestial body, such as the Moon or Mars. This involves creating habitats that can support human life, including providing air, water, and food. The goal of surface colonization is to enable long-term human presence beyond Earth, which could facilitate scientific research, resource extraction, and even the potential for future interplanetary travel. Various space agencies and private companies are actively exploring technologies and strategies to make this vision a reality.