Surface area measurement refers to the calculation of the total area that the surface of a three-dimensional object occupies. This measurement is important in various fields, including architecture, engineering, and manufacturing, as it helps determine material requirements, heat transfer, and other physical properties. To measure surface area, different formulas are used depending on the shape of the object. For example, the surface area of a cube can be calculated using the formula 6a^2, where a is the length of a side. For a sphere, the formula is 4\pi r^2, with r representing the radius.