The Sultanate of Johor is a historical Malay state located in the southern part of the Malay Peninsula, Malaysia. Established in the 16th century, it emerged after the fall of the Malacca Sultanate and became a significant political and economic center in the region. The sultanate played a crucial role in trade, culture, and the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia. Throughout its history, the Sultanate of Johor faced various challenges, including colonial pressures from the Portuguese, Dutch, and later the British. Today, Johor is a modern state in Malaysia, known for its vibrant economy and cultural heritage, while still retaining its royal lineage and traditions.