The Sultanate of Delhi was a series of Muslim dynasties that ruled over parts of the Indian subcontinent from the 13th to the 16th centuries. It began with the establishment of the Mamluk Dynasty in 1206 and included notable dynasties like the Khilji, Tughlaq, and Lodi. The sultanate played a crucial role in the spread of Islam in India and the establishment of a centralized administration. During its height, the Sultanate of Delhi controlled a vast territory, including present-day Delhi, Punjab, and parts of Bihar. The sultans were known for their architectural contributions, such as the Qutub Minar and the Alai Darwaza. The sultanate eventually declined due to internal strife and external invasions, paving the way for the rise of the Mughal Empire.