The Sultanate of Zanzibar was a historical state located on the islands of Zanzibar and Pemba off the east coast of Africa. It was established in the late 17th century and became a significant center for trade, particularly in spices, ivory, and slaves. The sultanate was known for its rich culture, influenced by Arab, Persian, Indian, and African traditions. In the late 19th century, the Sultanate of Zanzibar reached its peak under Sultan Barghash, who expanded its territory and trade networks. However, it faced challenges from European colonial powers, leading to its eventual decline and the establishment of British protectorate status in 1890. The sultanate officially ended in 1964 after the Zanzibar Revolution.