Sultan Muhammad Shah was the 14th ruler of the Mughal Empire in India, reigning from 1719 to 1748. He is known for his patronage of the arts and culture, which flourished during his rule. His reign was marked by political instability and the growing influence of regional powers, leading to challenges in maintaining the empire's unity. Despite these challenges, Sultan Muhammad Shah is often remembered for his efforts to promote religious tolerance and his support for various cultural endeavors. His court attracted many poets and artists, contributing to the rich cultural heritage of the Mughal period.