Sultan Moulay Hassan II was the ruler of Morocco from 1961 until his death in 1999. He was born on July 9, 1929, and was the son of Sultan Moulay Youssef. His reign is noted for significant modernization efforts in Morocco, including economic reforms and infrastructure development. Hassan II was also known for his strong political control and the establishment of a one-party system. He played a crucial role in Morocco's foreign relations, particularly with France and the United States. His leadership style was often characterized by a blend of traditional monarchy and modern governance.