Sultan Jamalul Kiram II was the 35th Sultan of Sulu, a historical sultanate in the southern Philippines. He ruled from 1894 until his death in 1936 and is known for his efforts to maintain the sovereignty of the Sulu Archipelago during a time of colonial pressures from Spain and later the United States. During his reign, Sultan Jamalul Kiram II faced numerous challenges, including the encroachment of foreign powers and internal conflicts. He worked to preserve the cultural heritage and political autonomy of the Sulu Sultanate, which has a rich history and is known for its unique traditions and governance.