Sultan Hussein Kamel was the ruler of Egypt from 1914 until his death in 1917. He became the Sultan during World War I, following the British declaration of a protectorate over Egypt. His reign was marked by the challenges of colonial rule and the impact of the war on Egyptian society. Hussein Kamel was the first Sultan of Egypt after the abolition of the Khedive title. He was a member of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty, which had ruled Egypt since the early 19th century. His leadership was characterized by efforts to maintain stability in a time of political upheaval and foreign influence.