Sulfonation is a chemical process that introduces a sulfonyl group (-SO3H) into an organic compound. This reaction typically involves the treatment of aromatic compounds, such as benzene, with sulfuric acid or sulfur trioxide. The resulting sulfonic acid group enhances the compound's solubility in water and alters its chemical reactivity. This process is important in the production of various industrial chemicals, including detergents and dyes. Sulfonated compounds are often used in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals, as the sulfonic acid group can improve the effectiveness and stability of these products in different environments.