Subterranean areas refer to spaces located beneath the Earth's surface. These regions can include caves, tunnels, and underground rivers. They are often formed through natural processes like erosion or volcanic activity. Subterranean environments can host unique ecosystems, including various species of plants and animals that have adapted to life without sunlight. In addition to natural formations, subterranean areas can also include human-made structures such as subways and mines. These spaces are important for various activities, including transportation and resource extraction. Understanding subterranean areas helps scientists study geology, hydrology, and even climate change impacts.