Substructure refers to the underlying framework or foundation that supports a larger structure. In construction, it includes elements like foundations, basements, and footings that provide stability and strength to buildings. A well-designed substructure is crucial for ensuring the safety and durability of the entire structure above it. In a broader context, substructure can also apply to systems or organizations, representing the essential components that support the overall function. For example, in sociology, the substructure might include economic and social factors that influence a society's structure and behavior. Understanding substructure helps in analyzing how different parts contribute to the whole.