Submarine-launched refers to the capability of launching missiles or other payloads from a submerged submarine. This technology allows submarines, such as those in the U.S. Navy or Russian Navy, to strike targets while remaining hidden underwater, enhancing their stealth and survivability. These systems typically include ballistic missiles and cruise missiles, which can be deployed from vertical launch systems or torpedo tubes. Submarine-launched capabilities are crucial for modern naval warfare, providing strategic deterrence and the ability to engage targets at long ranges without revealing the submarine's location.